The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.